Comparison of different modalities of treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids

Hypertrophic scars and keloids are extreme overgrowth of scar tissue. To improve the cosmesis and symptomatology, to compare the results of different treatment modalities and to find out the most workable treatment option. Prospective randomized clinical trial. This study was conducted at the Allied Hospital, Faisalabad from April 2009 to September 2011. In this study 72 patients were studied. Most of them were treated on outdoor basis while others in wards. Detailed history and physical examination were carried out and applied different treatment options and followed them up. In our study of patients of hypertrophic scars and keloids, 29 were males and 43 were females. There was 20% recurrence rate in intralesional injections of steroid, 255 in silicone gel sheeting, 25% in surgery and postoperative intralesional injection, 50% in case of surgery and postoperative irradiation and 20% in surgery alone. In case of intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide 62.5% patients had excellent results. In both combined surgery with radiotherapy 1 patient improved while the other got recurrence. After surgical excision of hypertrophic scars 40% patients had excellent results. Intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide had good results. In early lesions silicone gel sheeting was useful option while recurrent scars can be treated by combined modalities of treatment

Significance of cephalic index in race determination

Significance of cephalic index regarding our population is to identify the category of our race, into which type of cephalic index does it fall. To categorize our community into a type of population, whether they fall into dolicocephalic, mesocephalic or brachycephalic cranial index. Descriptive study This study was conducted at the Anatomy and Forensic departments of Aziz Fatimah Medical College, Faisalabad and Anatomy department of Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad from October 2011 to March 2012. This research was conducted upon 100 dried skulls, which were of adult size including both males and females. Measurements were noted making use of Vernier,s caliper. Length of skulls was measured as from summit of glabella anteriorly to the farthest occipital point, posteriorly. Breadth of skulls was measured as a line drawn perpendicular to maximal length of skull i.e. from the points of maximum parietal convexities. Then cephalic index was calculated for each skull. In our study we measured the maximum length and maximum breadth of 100 skulls and worked out the cranial indices of each skull present in our sample. We also calculated the percentage of different categories of skulls like dolicocephalic, mesocephalic and brachycephalic in our sample. Moreover, we also calculated the mean value, standard deviation, confidence interval CI, mean standard error, degree of freedom df, t and p values of the cranial indices, using SPSS software. Punjabi population in Pakistan is predominantly Dolicocephalic as shown in our study. This study can be used for future references in race determination

Obesity prevalence among boys in public and private secondary school children

The problem of overweight and obesity is not confined only to developed countries but is also widely prevalent in developing countries. The study under report relates to determining prevalence of obesity and overweight in adolescent school boys. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys of public and private secondary schools, Faisalabad, and to relate it with their dietary style and physical activity. Cross sectional and institutional based study. A total of 600 school boys of different age groups from the classes 6th to 10th were randomly selected and included for anthropometric measurements to categorize them into normal, overweight and obese individual. Their diet pattern and physical activity records were taken to correlate it with the obesity level. The collected data revealed that 423 [70.5%] boys were normal. Whereas 98 [16.3%] were found to be overweight. Out of these, 72 [24.0%] were from private schools; while 26 [8.7%] were from government schools. Only 6 [2.0%] fell into obese category, and all belonged to private schools. No one was found to be obese in government schools. Mean +/- SD weights [kg] in government and private school boys were 50.93 +/- 7.18 and 56.34 +/- 11.94, respectively whereas mean +/- SD heights [m] of government and private schools boys were found to be 1.55 +/- 6.64 and 1.56 +/- 7.92 respectively. The data was statistically analyzed which exhibited significant relation with weight and BMI value. The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher in boys who ate junk foods and spent more time in watching television and sitting before computers. The findings of this study was found in agreement with certain earlier studies that revealed prevalence of obesity is to be on the increase among the private school boys of the area. It is, therefore, emphasized that regular physical exercise, regulated television viewing, doing household activities, balanced diet and healthy eating habits should be motivated in school children to ensure control of overweight and obesity, in this class of children

Mandibular canine index [MCI]; its role in determining gender

Dental evidence is valuable in identification of individuals, especially following mass disasters; estimation of age at death of skeletonised remains and establishing guilt in cases of criminal injury by biting. Mandibular canines are found to exhibit the greatest sexual dimorphism amongst all teeth. To investigate the accuracy with which gender can be differentiated by using the mandibular canine index in the Punjabi - Pakistani population. Independent Medical College and Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad. Dec. 2008 to Dec. 2009. The present study was performed on 200 students, between the age group of 18-25 years, randomly sampled with informed consent [Through 3rd party]. Mandibular canine width and intercanine distance were measured with the help of Vernier caliper after observing aseptic conditions. MandibuIar canine index was calculated and the observed MCI was compared with the standard MCI value. The data was then analyzed using student's "t" test. No significant statistical difference was noted between the right and left mandibular canines amongst males and females [same sex] but when comparing between males and females, there was highly statistical significant difference [P < 0.001]. The calculated standard MCI for canines of males and females found to be 0.2504. With these calculations we could predict sex correctly at 75.97% in this study [Male: 71.67% and Female: 78.72%]. MCI is a quick and reliable method for sexual identification when a standard for the population is available. With these calculations, we could predict the sex correctly at 75.97% in this study. This method can be used as adjunct to other available tools for sex determination. DNA studies can reveal sex accurately. Availability of comprehensive database with "NADRA" can also be used as adjunct to "MCI" to enhance the accuracy in determination of sex and identity of the person in Pakistan

Traffic accidents; correlation between skull fractures and intracranial lesions

To find out the correlation between different types of skull fractures and intracranial lesions in traffic accidents. Patients examined in surgical emergency Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad. Two years from 1st January 1996 to 31 December 1997. In this study, the reports belonging to surviving 250 cases that had head injuries in traffic accidents were examined retrospectively. Data was collected from surgical emergency record office. Collected information was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The rate of intracranial lesions among the cases with the skull fracture was 39.0%, while the rate of skull fracture among the cases with the intracranial lesion was 50.3% [P<0.001]. Depressed fractures were more in males, while linear fractures were more in females as well as in young males as whole intracranial lesions were less in patients with skull fracture due to lower intra cranial pressure